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morgage loans
    July 5, 2008 
 

Select a Morgage

Selecting your morgage is almost as important as selecting your home. There are many things to consider. What you decide may make a big difference in your monthly payments and in the overall cost of your loan.

Learn how to evaluate different morgages.
Evaluating different morgage products can be confusing. Compare the following:

  • morgage rates - Rates vary from morgage to morgage. Certain morgage types and terms typically have lower interest rates.
  • morgage types and terms - Fixed-rate and adjustable-rate morgages each have their benefits, and so do different loan terms (the length of time you have to repay the loan). It's important to consider your individual situation, needs, and goals to determine the best morgage type and term.
  • Other factors - Be sure to factor in any points, fees, or other charges, including closing costs, when comparing different morgages types.

Many first-time homebuyers think it's impossible to buy a home without a substantial down payment. There are many morgages with low or even no down payment options available. Ask your lender about morgages with low down payment options, including:

  • Down payments as low as 0% (these morgages often require you to make a contribution to the closing costs from your own funds).
  • Additional sources of money for down payment or closing costs, like federal, state, and local government agencies; non-profit organizations; and gifts from family members.
  • Expanded debt-to-income ratios.
  • Options for people with limited incomes in high-cost areas.
  • Options for people with past credit challenges.

Understand morgage rates.
It's important to shop around to find the morgage and morgage rate that's right for you. Contact lenders at banks and credit unions as well as morgage brokers to find the best rate for you.

You'll have to choose between a fixed-rate, adjustable-rate or balloon/reset morgage You'll also have to choose your loan terms. Keep in mind that the lowest morgage rate or longest loan term may not always be the best choice for you. You should also consider the overall cost of the loan, including fees (application, escrow, and appraisal fees, for example) and points.

morgage rates change frequently. With many lenders, you can "lock in" the rate, which allows you to complete the morgage process knowing the exact interest rate you'll get for the life of the loan if the loan is a fixed rate or for the initial period if the loan is an ARM or a balloon/reset morgage. If you believe rates will increase while your morgage is being processed, you might lock in the current interest rate through your closing date. A typical lock-in lasts 30-60 days.

If you choose not to lock in your rate, you can "float" the rate. This means that you can follow market rate trends and choose to lock in when the rates are more favorable. However, you will have to lock in your rate at the end of the float period, which is usually 72 hours before closing.

Understand the differences between fixed- and adjustable-rate morgages.
There are two basic types of morgages: those with fixed rates and those with adjustable rates. A variation on both is a balloon/reset morgage, which offers some features of each.

Fixed-Rate morgages: The interest rate for a fixed-rate morgage never changes for the life of the loan, so your monthly principal and interest payment always stay the same.
Adjustable-Rate morgages (ARMs): ARMs usually start with a low interest rate. After the initial period when the interest rate doesn't change, the interest rate will often adjust each year. This means your principal and interest rate payment could increase or decrease over time.

Know how 15-year and 30-year morgages change your monthly payments.
The loan term is the length of time you have to pay back the loan. The longer the term, the lower the monthly morgage payment. The shorter the term, the higher the monthly morgage payment.

Most home morgage lenders offer two basic terms: 15 and 30 years, and many also offer 20-year fixed rate morgages.

15-Year Term: This term has higher monthly payments because the loan is shorter. The interest rate is usually lower and you can build equity faster.
20-Year Term: This fixed-rate morgage builds equity more quickly than with a traditional 30-year morgage as well as saves you interest over the life of your loan.
30-Year Term: Interest rates may be somewhat higher for this term and you pay more interest over time.

Understand down payments and closing costs.
When you buy a home, there are several up-front costs you should be aware of, particularly down payments and closing costs.

Down Payments: A down payment is usually between 3% and 20% of the total cost of the home. The amount of the down payment depends on your credit history, income, the cost of the home, and the type of morgage you choose. Some lenders also have loan options that allow for no down payment at all.

If your down payment is less than 20%, you will need private morgage insurance (PMI). This is insurance you pay to protect the bank if you don't repay your loan in full. PMI is added to your closing and monthly morgage costs. When you apply for a home loan, many morgages require you to also have at least two month's worth of morgage payments saved, called reserves. However, there are morgages that do not require reserves.

Most lenders want to know the source of your down payment and have restrictions about how much can come from gifts from your relatives. In most cases, these gifts will need to be documented. Ask your lender for more information.

Closing Costs: Closing, or settlement, costs are fees you pay when you actually get your loan from your financial institution. These include points, taxes, title insurance, financing costs, items that must be prepaid or escrowed, and other settlement costs.

Closing costs generally range between 2-7% of the loan value. You'll receive an estimate from your lender after you apply for a morgage. You must pay these costs at the time you close on your loan.

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